“The Feminine Mystique” – (1963) by Betty Friedan helped spark the “Second wave of Feminism in America”. It was meant to be more of an article instead of a book. The book consists of interviews and other talks she had with everyday house wives and how they were depressed with just being a simple common house wife.
Sentence: The Feminine Mystique helped women across America create a feministic pride for oneself.
American Indian Movement – (1968) The American Indian Movement (A.I.M) was created to help address many of the issues that were impacting the Urban Native American Community.
Sentence: A.I.M not only has Native Americans but also Indians from Canada as well.
Bay of Pigs – (1961) The battle translated into Spanish is La Bahia de Cochinos, When the CIA trained Cuban Exiles to help with the takeover of Cuba and remove Fidel Castro from power. The plan was launched on April 1961 where the Cuban Exiles landed on the beach of Giron. The mission was a failure.
Sentence: The Bay of Pigs failed due to the Armed Cuban Forces which had more training and more equipment.
Berlin Wall – (1961) After World War II Europe was split into two sides. The Western side formed NATO (The North Atlantic Trade Org.) and the Eastern Side was Warsaw which was mainly under Soviet control. The countries under Warsaw control were Soviet Satellite countries and were all mainly Communist. The Berlin wall split Germany in half the western side being part of the Warsaw pact and the Eastern side being part of NATO. The wall began being built in 1961 eventually the wall came down in 1989.
Sentence: The Berlin Wall was a physical separation of Europe
Black Power – (1966) A political slogan mainly used by African Americans in the United States to show racial pride
Sentence: The Black Power Movement helped African-Americans to gain and show racial pride
Cesar Chavez – (1965) A farm worker, Labor leader, and a Civil Rights Activist who was born in March 31, 1927 who encouraged the American Labor Movement and helped turn the farm workers struggle into a huge cause across the whole United States.
Sentence: Cesar Chavez helped many farmers with his Civil Rights speeches
Containment- (1963) The policy America had for The Soviet Union during the Cold War. America wanted to “contain” The Soviet Union’s communism so it wouldn’t spread throughout Europe.
Sentence: Containment slowed down the increasing communist nations throughout Europe
Cuban Missile Crisis- (1962) In 1962 America found out that the Soviet Union was building secret missile sites with missiles capable of medium and intermediate range missiles that could hit the United States. The United States immediately “contained” Cuba by surrounding it with American Naval Ships to stop the Soviet Union ships carrying nuclear missiles to Cuba. Eventually the crisis was resolved when The Soviet Union agreed to remove their weapons and their missile bases if the United States agreed to never attempt to invade Cuba again.
Sentence: The Cuban Missile Crisis was mere minutes from a nuclear war during The Cold War
Domino Theory – (1965) The theory that if containment failed in Europe that once one country falls to communism then all the countries that surround that country will also fall to communism and it would create a sort of domino effect.
Sentence: The Domino Theory scared Americans because they believed if one country fell to communism then the surrounding countries would also.
Medger Evers - (1963) Born in July 2, 1925 Medger was a Civil Rights Activist helping to end segregation in the University of Mississippi. He served in the military during WWII and when he returned home he completed a secondary education but then was assassinated by Byron De La Beckwith a member of the White Citizens Council. Evers was buried at Arlington National Cemetery for being a veteran.
Sentence: Medger Evers was assassinated for his attempts to help bring racial equality to African-Americans
Freedom Riders - (1961) A group of African Americans riding on interstate buses to southern states to protest against segregation on buses. These buses would occasionally be attacked by the KKK or other white pro-segregationists.
Sentence: Freedom Riding was one of the many ways African-Americans protested against racial inequality.
The Great Society – (1965) Lyndon B Johnsons war against poverty in the United States
Sentence: The Great Society was also the unofficial name of legislation
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – (1964) When a naval conflict between North Vietnam and the United States on August 7, 1964.
Sentence: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a
Robert Kennedy – (1961) John F. Kennedy’s older brother who served as Attorney General during John’s presidency even and he still was after John’s assassination under Lyndon B Johnson. Robert was assassinated in The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. He died on June 6th.
Sentence: Robert Kennedy was the U.S Attorney General between 1961-1964
Martin Luther King Jr. – (1963) One of the most famous of the civil rights leaders. Martin Luther King Jr. became a Baptist minister and helped lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. One of Kings biggest impacts was his “I have a dream” speech he gave before the March on Washington on August 28, 1963. MLK Jr. was assassinated on April 4th, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee outside of his hotel room.
Sentence: Martin Luther King Jr. used civil disobedience to help gain racial equality for African-Americans
Malcolm X – (1964) Born Malcolm Little on May 19th, 1925 but eventually changed his name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz when he converted to the Islamic faith in prison in 1946 when he was 20 years old. Malcolm X much like Martin Luther King Jr. in the fact that they both wanted equal rights for African-Americans but different in the ways of achieving that goal. Martin Luther King wanted peace and wanted to achieve equality by civil disobedience, but Malcolm wanted equality through “any means necessary”.
Sentence: Malcolm X was assassinated in February 1965 when he was shot by three members of the Nation of Islam.
March on Washington – (1963) The March on Washington took place on August 28th, 1963 in Washington D.C. Here Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous “I have a dream” speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial. The march helped pass the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act.
Sentence: The March on Washington was a major event which helped gain more equal rights for African-Americans.
Medicaid – (1965) Medicaid was created with the Social Service Amendments in 1965. Medicaid is funded by the state and federal government and is for certain families who receive a low income. It allows certain people who aren’t necessarily poor but have low wages and their families to receive medical treatment.
Sentence: Medicaid is one of the largest forms of funding for medical services
Medicare – (1965) Medicare was created in 1965 under the social security act to help people over 65 with medical insurance.
Sentence: Medicare has helped more than 40 million Americans since 1965.
James Meredith - (1962) James Meredith was born in June of 1933 he became an African-American Civil Rights Leader in the 1960’s.
Sentence: James Meredith was the first African- American student in the University of Mississippi.
NAACP – (1961) In 1909 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was created to make everyone of any race equal.
Sentence: The NAACP wanted to help end racial hatred and help make America a fair and equal place for all races.
NASA – (1969) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was started in October 1, 1958. During the Cold War NASA’s mission was to get a man to the moon. During the beginning of the Cold War the Soviet Union looked as if they were going to put a man on the moon first until July 20,1969 when Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin Jr. first landed on the moon.
Sentence: NASA replaced NACA (The National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics) when the NASA (The National Aeronautics and Space Act) was signed in July 29, 1958.
Peace Corps – (1961) The Peace Corps was created by the U.S Government in 1961. The Peace Corps mission was to “Promote World Peace and friendship…to interested countries and areas men and women of the United States are qualified for service…to help the people of such countries…in need of their trained manpower.”
Sentence: Since 1961 over 200,000 Americans have joined and have helped in over 139 countries.
SNCC – (1963) The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee played major roles in Civil Rights movements by setting up sit-ins and Freedom Rides.
Sentence: The SNCC later in the 10960’s focused predominantly on Black Power.
The New Frontier - (1969) The New Frontier meant space in the 1960's. Space was the only thing man hadn't settled or explored, making it a "New Frontier".
Sentence: The New Frontier used to be the unsettled land in the West until Americans settled the land; the only unknown territory left was space.
War on Poverty - (1964) The War on Poverty was a main factor in Lyndon B. Johnsons Great Society. He wanted to decrease the percentage of people living in poverty which was at nineteen percent in the 1960’s when he first took office. He came up with the Social Security Act of 1965 and the Equal Opportunity Act in 1964.
Sentence: The War on Poverty helped decrease the poverty percentage to around eleven percent in the years that followed.
U-2 Incident - (1960) On May 1st, 1960 a U-2 surveillance plane was shot down by the Soviet Union. The plane was meant to be used to take secret picture of the Soviet Union for the United States. The plane was shot down but the pilot was still alive and much of the plane was still intact. The United States denied the original plans for the U-2 but then was forced to tell the Soviet Union of its original plans.
Sentence: The U-2 incident caused the Soviet Union to lose its trust in the United States.the United States.
